CSPG is significantly upregulated in glial scar areas around CNS injuries such as those due to trauma and stroke, inhibits neuron growth and axon regeneration by binding to the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (RPTPσ) and LAR and to Nogo receptors (NgR1 and NgR3) (Brown et al., 2012; Griffith et al., 2017). The gene discussed is RTN4R; the disease is Stroke.