FGF23 and cardiac hypertrophy: Mechanistically, it was shown that FGF23 directly induces hypertrophic growth of cardiac myocytes in vitro and cardiac hypertrophy in vivo that was abolished by inhibition of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) or calcineurin, but not by the use of MAP kinase, PI3 kinase or Akt inhibitors.