TNF and necrotizing enterocolitis: Meanwhile, the expression of proinflammatory factors, including IL-1β (Figure 5A), IL-6 (Figure 5B), IL-8 (Figure 5C) and TNF-α (Figure 5D), was significantly lower in NA mice than in NEC mice, and the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (Figure 5E) was significantly increased (P<0.05).