Prior clinical studies have shown higher levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in women with concurrent BV and TV as compared to women with neither infection (Cauci and Culhane, 2007); however, we show for the first time higher levels of galectin-1, RANTES, and IP-10 to be associated with incident TV in women with BV only. This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and bacterial vaginosis.