CDH2 and colorectal carcinoma: We performed preliminary analyses on the sequence (-2000 to -12000kb) upstream of the first exon of the CDH2 gene with transcription factor binding site analysis programs TRANSFAC BLAST and TESS (as incorporated as supplementary files 1 and 2) and revealed binding sites for potential transcription factors, among which NFκB and AP-1 are known to be direct targets of activated p44/42 MAPK (96, 97) and demonstrated to be associated with CRC progression (98–101).