TNF and Hepatic fibrosis: It is known that the MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the process of liver fibrosis by regulating HSCs, including directly affecting the activation and proliferation of HSCs (37), indirectly affecting secreted intracellular and extracellular cytokines (such as TGF-β and TNF-α) on the influence of HSC activation (38), or indirectly affecting the activation of HSCs by the activation of the JNK pathway in the recovery stage of liver fibrosis (39).