Finally, our analysis of CD8+ TILs from renal cancer patients showed that obesity is associated with reduced frequencies of PD-1highCD8+ TILs (18), which differs from the lack of an association between obesity and PD-1+CD8+ TILs found in a combined cohort of melanoma and breast cancer patients (30). Here, CD8A is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.