ATF3 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease: As mentioned earlier, each of 10 hub genes (EGR1, NR4A1, ATF3, NR4A2, EGR2, DUSP1, EGR3, CXCR4, CCL4, and CYR61) plays a very important role in intimal hyperplasia which is the culprit of AV fistula stenosis causing the loss of hemodialysis access in the patients with end-stage renal disease.