NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: Oral administration of D. officinale fine powders at the doses of 0.09, 0.18, and a very high dose of 1.1 g/kg for 30 days protected isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy, indicated by the decreased myocardial collagen synthesis, increased myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling, and significantly reduced levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and cardiac troponin I (cTN-I) in plasma relative to the model group (ISO = 5 mg/kg) (Xiao et al., 2018).