Some studies have shown that intrahippocampal application of a TLR4 antagonist could reduce seizure susceptibility in mice (Maroso et al., 2010) and exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on a seizure model (Li et al., 2013), indicating that inflammation is an important therapeutic target to improve the prognosis of epilepsy. Here, TLR4 is linked to epilepsy.