NFKB1 and Alzheimer disease: To determine how the AD phenotype was ameliorated by B. bifidum BGN4 and B. longum BORI, we next assessed the expression of the inflammatory pathway factor, NF-kB, and its downstream marker, COX2. Consistently, NF-kB expression was attenuated in B. bifidum BGN4 and B. longum BORI-treated 5xFAD mice, similar to control levels (Figure 3E, right panel).