It was found that a higher DDX39 expression was positively associated with inhibitory or coinhibitory immune genes PDCD1 (PD-1), CD38, LGALS9, LAG3, KLRD1 and CD200 (Figure 9), suggesting that high DDX39 expression may predict worse immune function in ccRCC patients. This evidence concerns the gene CD38 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.