It has been found that TCF7 + memory-like T cells improved the clinical outcomes of melanoma patients with anti-PD1 treatment, and stem-like TCF1 + PD1 + T cells were confirmed to be conducive to tumor control in response to ICB.228,229 More therapeutic and prognosis-related T cell subsets and functional status were identified.230–233 CyTOF was performed to compare the TIME of pre- and post-ICB-administered advanced melanoma patients. The gene discussed is TCF7; the disease is melanoma.