We found that PD-1 blockage suppressed tumor growth and increased intratumoral CD8+ T cells in PD-L1 WT mice, whereas anti-PD-1 treatment had no detectable effect on tumor growth or CD8+ T cell infiltration in mice with PD-L1 deficiency in the host (Fig. S8A-D), indicating that PD-L1 expression on stromal cells also plays a role in regulating the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.