A major limitation of this study is the small group sizes and variation within each group, so we have been cautious in our interpretation of the outcomes and have used them to particularly hypothesize about fractional dosing especially for malaria vaccines A second constraint to these studies and other such similar clinical trials is that only peripheral cellular responses can be measured, whereas it is likely that liver-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) are essential for protection, as shown in mice [33, 35, 39] and non-human primates [8]. Here, CD8A is linked to malaria.