HIF1A and in situ carcinoma: miR-624 upregulated YAP and HIF1α to enhance ESCC cell resistance to CIS and PT through downregulation of ARRDC3 (Figure 6), thus identifying the role of the miR-624/ARRDC3/YAP/HIF1α axis in chemoresistance of ESCC cells to CIS and PT, offering novel therapeutic targets to inhibit resistance of ESCC cells to chemotherapy.