TGFB1 and breast carcinoma: Another study found that the anti-tumor effect of aspirin mainly inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase in the body, thereby inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor cell infiltration[30] Another mechanism of action of aspirin on breast cancer is by anti-adenocarcinoma by inhibiting NF-κB and TGF-β/SMAD-mediated signaling pathways.[31]