ACE2 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is recognized as a chronic lung disease of infancy that presents as a systemic syndrome and can be associated with neurodevelopmental deficits, cognitive impairments, failure to thrive, pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale.59 Supplemental oxygen, which is frequently used in the treatment of pulmonary insufficiency in premature infants, has been implicated in the development of BPD.53,54 In adult animal models of acute lung injury,7,60 ACE-2 was shown to inhibit lung edema formation and inflammation as well as fibrogenesis.