Similarly, pronounced inflammatory response to B. duncani WA1 strain infection results in mouse fatality due to excessive inflammatory cytokine, such as TNFα production (Hemmer et al., 2000), while IL-10 producing CD4+ cells play effector roles during B. microti infection in mice that show high parasitemia and anemia, but infection does not result in death (Djokic et al., 2018b; Djokic et al., 2019). Here, TNF is linked to infection.