INS and Hyperglycemia: Despite this postprandial hyperglycaemia, the overall reductions in fasting and postprandial glucose exposure following bariatric surgery in nondiabetic individuals are thought to be beneficial due to the reported reduced cardiovascular complications associated with post-surgery groups compared with non-surgical control groups.297 Average peak insulin levels were notably lower in diabetic subjects (771.4 pmol/L) compared to non-diabetic (1221 pmol/L) 2 years post-surgery, although average fasting insulin levels were higher in diabetic subjects (41.5 vs 36.9 pmol/L).