NFKB1 and Parkinson disease: While this transcription factor is expressed in different cell types and can mediate different functions in them, and while this study could measure only its expression and not its translocation to the nucleus, its heightened activity in immune cells would explain findings in PD patients of increased levels of NFκB-regulated cytokines and chemokines in colon biopsies [10] and stool [11], and increased fecal calprotectin [7, 8], which can be stimulated through NFκB-associated pathways [64].