IFNB1 and viral infectious disease: In order to induce the production of IFNs after recognition of viral infection by pattern recognition receptors, the transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7 are phosphorylated by the kinase TBK1, translocate to the nucleus and, along with c-Jun, ATF2, NFκB and CBP/p300, bind to the Ifnb promoter to induce its expression [36].