S100B and melanoma: Nevertheless, our current data suggest that elevated S100B may drive a mechanism, at least in part, to overcome the anti-proliferative effect of IL6/STAT3 signaling in pre-malignant melanoma cells and to induce the transition from the pre-malignant to the malignant stage of melanoma and support the observation that elevated S100B correlates with poor patient survival (Fig 7B).