GLP1R and diabetes mellitus: The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have been shown to reduce adverse CV and renal adverse outcomes.113,114 Accordingly, the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes recommends GLP-1RA (if atherosclerotic disease predominates) or SGLT-2i (if heart failure or chronic kidney disease predominates) as second-line therapy in addition to metformin for management of hyperglycaemia, in those with established CVD.