Administration of AG1478, a selective EGFR inhibitor, or AG825, a specific ErbB2 inhibitor, or Fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, or PD98059, an ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor, all attenuated the observed changes associated with diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction (Akhtar et al., 2013) indicating the importance of these effectors in this pathology. Here, MAPK3 is linked to diabetes mellitus.