NOS2 and brain ischemia: In tMCAO models, treatment of cerebral ischemia with Xyloketal B (Xyl-B) can dramatically reduce the excessive production of ROS in brain tissue, suppress the expression of NF-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and down-regulate the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ (Pan et al., 2017).