In these breast tumors, the immunohistochemical measurement of basal markers (cytokeratin 5/6, EGFR), claudins (CLD3/4/7), cadherins (CDH1, CDH3), stem cell markers (CD44/CD24, ALDH1), apoptosis markers (BCL2, TP53), a transcription marker (YB-1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) have also been suggested for advanced stratification19,20,37,38. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to breast neoplasm.