CASP9 and neoplasm: For instance, oncogenic Ras signalling via the ERK and PI3-K/Akt pathways regulates the phosphorylation of splicing factors such as SRSF1, SRSF7, and SPF45 and drives the switching of active and inactive states of tumour promoters and suppressors (MST1R, FAS, CD44, LBR, Casp-9, KLF6, and others) via alternative splicing27,28.