We narrowed down the gene sets to ten main cancer related pathways40, including cell cycle, signaling by Hippo, signaling by NOTCH, signaling by WNT, transcriptional regulation by TP53, MYC signaling, signaling by TGF-beta family members, cellular responses to stress, signaling by receptor tyrosine Kinases, PI3K cascade, and presented the Z-score generated by SPPA algorithm for these ten main pathways (Fig. 5D). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and cancer.