Notably, HIF-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-β mRNAs and HIF-1α protein were induced in infected cells (Fig. 3d–g and Supplementary Fig. 4e), suggesting that HIF-1α and immune and inflammatory cytokines are induced upon the virus infection, and HIF-1α expression is linked to immune-inflammatory cytokine expression in infected cultured cells. Here, IL6 is linked to viral infectious disease.