In comparison to control COVID-19 patients, we observed a significant decrease in the proportion of naïve CD8+ T cells in patients with COVID-19 that were treated with ICI, associated with a specific increase in the proportion of effector memory (EM) CD8+ T cells and resulting in a pronounced inversion of the naïve-to-EM cell ratio (Fig. 2D and fig. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and COVID-19.