Although the prevalence of diabetes in family members was lower in SBC than GUSTO, the higher odds of association with GDM in the SBC may be due to several reasons; genetic differences such as the rs10229583 gene locus polymorphism near PAX4 gene that is responsible for the development of pancreatic β cells was implicated in earlier age of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese population in Shanghai and Hong Kong but the effect was less prominent in Singapore Chinese [34]. Here, PAX4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.