IL-4, IL-13, and IFN-γ, ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and TGF-β produced by activated T cells and tumor stromal cells, initiate multiple signaling pathways, such as STAT1, STAT6, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), thereby regulating MDSC activity72. Here, IFNG is linked to neoplasm.