However, the SNPs representing the common genetic signal between OAS1 and COVID-19 phenotypes (12:112919637:G:A and 12:112919388:G:A) were missense variants in OAS1 gene or in LD with missense variants at r2 >0.8, rendering their effect estimates potentially biased due to aptamer binding effects (see Materials and methods). Here, OAS1 is linked to COVID-19.