INS and diabetes mellitus: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of diabetes has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014.(Sarwar et al., 2010) The National Health & Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS) reported that the overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus (known and undiagnosed) among adults of 18 years and above in Malaysia was 17.5%, with 25.1% of known diabetic patients claiming to use insulin (Institute for Public Health (IPH), 2015).