We then analyzed the CGGA and TCGA pan-glioma datasets (Ceccarelli et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2017) and observed that FOSL1 expression is elevated in the IDH-wt glioma molecular subgroup (Figure 1E and Supplementary file 4) with a significant upregulation in the MES subtype in bulk tumors, and it is also enriched in MES-like cells (Neftel et al., 2019) at the single-cell level (Figure 1—figure supplement 2A–C). Here, FOSL1 is linked to central nervous system cancer.