TGFB1 and neoplasm: Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the association of EBV/HPV coinfection with PCa development, mediated by deregulation of cellular events linked to inflammation (reactive oxygen species [ROS], reactive nitrogen species [RNS], transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], interleukin-17 [IL-17], IL-11, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and NF-kB) and tumor progression (N-cadherin, Rb, P53, survivin, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), CD44, Twist, Slug, PTPN13, and E-cadherin).