In contrast, other studies reported that immune complexes containing C3 can be deposited in glomerular capillary walls in patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis without evidence of underlying infections.[14,15] Further studies and case analyses are necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of glomerulonephritis associated with infectious endocarditis, including the pathological roles of ANCAs and C3. The gene discussed is C3; the disease is glomerulonephritis.