HP and vascular disorder: Secondly, Hp presence has been implicated in a variety of extra-digestive conditions, in particular vascular disorders caused by the release of vasoactive and pro-inflammatory cytokines.[34–42] In addition, H pylori presents a direct action on the hepatobiliary tract by toxins and its constituents, circulating in the portal blood[43]; Patients with NAFLD present a significant increase in gut permeability, and this data is positively related with liver fat accumulation.