GDF15 and ischemia: It was, therefore, confirmed that significant and independent predictors of ischemia in the total HF cohort were shown to be the increased plasma concentrations as follows: BNP (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.982–0.997, p = 0.008), renalase (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.761–0.966, p = 0.012), sST2 (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.919–0.993, p = 0.020), galectin-3 (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.881–0.988, p = 0.018), GDF-15 (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.998–1.000, p = 0.034), and syndecan-1 (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.889–0.992, p = 0.024).