TGFB1 and Myocardial fibrosis: Meanwhile, P2X7R expression was substantially upregulated, and subsequently increased the expression of β-Myhc, Collagen I, and TGF-β in both animal models and cells exposed to HG, whereas P2X7R blockade significantly reversed myocardial fibrosis and reduced hypertrophy, indicating that high P2X7R expression is involved in cardiac remodeling by modulating fibrosis and hypertrophy in subjects with DCM.