A series of experiments by Howe and colleagues sought to elucidate potential mechanisms by which TGF-β induced metastasis and CSC renewal in breast cancer, in which they found chronic stimulation of normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) cells with TGF-β led to an increase in both LIFRβ and ILEI protein expression. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and breast carcinoma.