In multivariable linear regression analyses after adjusting for the effects of patient and tumor characteristics (Table 3), BPH weight (coef.: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03–0.15; p=0.002), and tumor weight (coef.: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.60; p=0.001) were independently associated with preoperative PSA. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.