In univariable analyses (Table 2), both BPH weight (coefficient [coef.]: 0.10, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.05–0.15; p<0.001) and tumor weight in specimen (coef.: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.23–0.63; p<0.001) were significantly associated with preoperative PSA. Here, KLK3 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.