HMGB1 and endothelial dysfunction: As aforementioned, emerging roles of HMGB1 in endothelial cells were reported; on the one hand, HMGB1 could induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammation [23, 24], inhibit endothelial cell migration [25], and enhance LDL transcytosis in endothelial cells [26]; on the other hand, HMGB1 promotes angiogenesis in endothelial cells [27] and plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy endothelial function [28].