PINK1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In hepatocellular carcinoma, melatonin showed significant tumor growth inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. The melatonin potentiates sorafenib-induced apoptosis in 3 hepatoma cell lines HepG2, HuH7, and Hep3B via synergistic activation in a dose- and cell type-dependent manner, by enhancing ROS production, proapoptotic genes PARP hydroly and Bax, reducing the amount of mt-DNA in treated cells, and mitophagy-mediated by mitochondria and lysosome colocalization, rising the expression of mitophagy markers PINK1 and Parkin by downregulating heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) [244].