Finally, 472 subjects were enrolled: 61 patients with AFP-negative HCC, 41 patients with AFP-positive HCC, 21 with cirrhosis, 20 with chronic hepatitis, 28 with coronary heart disease, 34 with autoimmune disease, 20 with diabetes, 53 with lung cancer, 43 with a colorectal tumor, 30 with a gastroduodenal tumor, 16 with head and neck tumor, five with genitourinary tumor, 19 with esophageal tumor, 11 with gynecologic tumor, nine with pancreatic cancer, and 16 with other tumors; 45 healthy individuals were also enrolled. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is autoimmune disease.