In the ASTIS trial, 15 (19%) severe pulmonary adverse events had occurred in the transplant group compared with six (7.8%) in the CYC arm.29 Fatal events included pulmonary haemorrhage, pulmonary oedema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) triggered by G-CSF and pulmonary infection. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.