An increase in the ratio of NAD+/NADH, results in the phosphorylation of LKB1 and AMPK which can activate the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway, inhibit adipogenesis and promote lipid oxidation, and reduce NAFLD symptoms and IR in HFD mice (Park et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.