CASP3 and pulmonary fibrosis: To verify the mechanisms of Shenfu injection in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis proposed by network pharmacology analysis, we performed TUNEL staining to observe the apoptotic cells in the lung sections, qPCR to examine the mRNA level of NFKBIA, CASP3, and IL-1B, and Western blot to examine the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins, including caspase-3, IL-1β, phosphorylated NF-κB and total NF-κB in the lung tissues from the three groups.