In a Drosophila ALS model and human iPSC-derived motor neurons, C9 arginine-rich dipeptide repeats disrupted ribosomal biogenesis by interacting with ribosomal proteins such as rpS23, rpS30, rpL5, and rpL36 (Moens et al., 2019). Here, RPS23 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.